Molecular Identification of Rotylenchulus Reniformis (Nematoda) By Using Its Region of Rdna

Reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) is widely distributed in all cotton (Gossypium spp.) grown regions of India. In Reniform nemotode infection, the growth of cotton roots and shoots was reduced at level of more than 8 and 1 nematode per g soil, respectively. DNA-based Molecular identi?cation of Plant parasitic nematode species has been determined by Internal Transcribed spacer (ITS) gene with PCR Techniques. 

The ribosomal DNA (rDNA) is a novel genetic marker and it is a multi-gene family consisting of many copies (100-500 in animals) of genes encoding for three ribosomal components 28S, 5.8S and 18S. Phylogeny is the history of organism lineage as they change through time. It implies that different species arise from previous forms via decent and that all organisms from the smallest microbes to the largest plants and vertebrates were connected by the passage by genes along the branches of the phylogenetic tree that links all the life form. 

Effect of floor cleaners on oxygen consumption and respiratory rate in carassius auratus

Pollution of the water bodies will create physiological stress on the aquatic fauna. Among various forms of pollution in water bodies, detergent pollution has an immediate and detrimental effect. The floor cleaners are household chemical cleaning compounds required in wide range for diverse purposes. In some rivers the concentrations of cleaning products is quite high. The major components of cleaning products such as Surfactants make adverse effects on the aquatic life at very low levels of exposure. Effect of floor cleaners on the consumption of dissolved oxygen by Carassius auratus were determined by using Winkler’s method. The floor cleaners used were Lizol, dettol and lemon grass oil. This study demonstrated that dissolved oxygen consumption in Carassius auratus increases in the presence of floor cleaners.